Mycotoxins pose a serious threat to grain crops, particularly corn, wheat, and dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). These toxic compounds, produced by fungi, can contaminate food and feed, deteriorating their quality and endangering animal and human health.

At Essentica, we recognize the importance of safety in production and raw material control. In this article, we will explore the key mycotoxins found in grain and DDGS, their impact on the food chain, and the measures that can be taken to control them.

Major Mycotoxins in Corn, Wheat, and DDGS

Deoxynivalenol (DON)

  • One of the most frequently detected mycotoxins, especially in wheat, corn, and DDGS.
  • Associated with reduced appetite and lower growth rates in animals, with swine being particularly susceptible.
  • Its concentration in DDGS can be up to three times higher than in raw grain.

Fumonisins (FB)

  • Commonly found in corn and DDGS.
  • Linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer in humans and neurological disorders in horses.

Zearalenone (ZEA)

  • Primarily contaminates corn and DDGS.
  • Has estrogenic activity, which can cause hormonal imbalances and reproductive issues in animals.

Ochratoxin A (OTA)

  • Less frequently detected but can be found in wheat and corn.
  • Has nephrotoxic effects and is considered a potential carcinogen.

Aflatoxins (AF)

  • Predominantly found in corn and DDGS, especially under warm and humid conditions.
  • Extremely hazardous to the liver and classified as carcinogenic.

Recent Studies on Mycotoxins in DDGS

High Concentrations in DDGS

A study by Pecka-Kiełb et al. (2017) found that mycotoxin concentrations in DDGS are, on average, three times higher than in the original grain, emphasizing the need for stringent production and storage controls.

Mycotoxin Levels in U.S. DDGS

According to Kim et al. (2021), DDGS derived from corn often contains high levels of DON, zearalenone, and fumonisins, which can impact animal health.

Canadian Studies on Corn and DDGS

Research by Schaafsma et al. (2009) reported significantly elevated DON levels in DDGS, limiting its application in livestock feeding.

Brazilian DDGS and Mycotoxins

Mallmann et al. (2021) revealed that 98% of Brazilian DDGS samples contained at least one mycotoxin, highlighting the importance of global raw material control.

How to Reduce the Risk of Mycotoxins in DDGS?

To ensure the safety of DDGS and minimize mycotoxin contamination, effective preventive measures must be implemented:

  • Moisture Control in Storage – Grain and DDGS should be stored at moisture levels below 14% to prevent fungal growth.
  • Thermal Processing – Some mycotoxins can be partially degraded at high temperatures, though not all.
  • Detoxification Additives – The use of binders such as bentonite and yeast cultures can help mitigate the harmful effects of mycotoxins.
  • Regular Monitoring – Modern rapid tests like ELISA and chromatographic methods (HPLC, LC-MS) enable effective detection and control of mycotoxins.

DDGS is a valuable source of protein and energy for livestock, but mycotoxin contamination poses significant risks. At Essentica, we adhere to strict standards for raw material control and safety to ensure high-quality DDGS production.

Advanced technologies and preventive measures are crucial to ensuring safe feed and minimizing mycotoxin risks. Strict monitoring and proper storage practices are essential for delivering a high-quality and safe product to both producers and end consumers.